Saeid Khatam; Seyyed Abbas Ahmadi; Mahnaz Khatam
Abstract
During the last few decades, the social, economic and political links within the cities have faced fundamental changes. Urban governance is a process that is formed based on the interaction between the official organizations and institutions of the city administration on the one hand and the informal ...
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During the last few decades, the social, economic and political links within the cities have faced fundamental changes. Urban governance is a process that is formed based on the interaction between the official organizations and institutions of the city administration on the one hand and the informal institutions of the civil society or the public arena on the other hand. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the state of good urban governance in the metropolis of Tehran and to study the better administration of the territory and the provision of better and more services to the citizens. The research method of this article is quantitative-qualitative. In this study, using six indicators of good urban governance, namely, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, justice, transparency, legality and responsibility, were measured in the study area using a one-sample T-test. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of 14 districts out of 22 districts of Tehran city and the sample size is 370 people who were randomly selected using Cochran's formula. The results of the test indicate that the urban management in the studied area (fourteen districts of Tehran) is not in accordance with the principles of good urban governance and according to the six mentioned indicators, it is not in a good condition, so that each of these indicators of good governance “A” city is lower than the average value of the average rank. Therefore, it can be said that inefficient, centralized and top-down management causes the lack of attention to long-term and strategic plans, the weakness of the structure and position of the Islamic City Council, the non-operationalization of local councils, and the lack of participation of citizens in the administration of city affairs.
Hassan noorali; Seyyed Abbas ahmadi
Abstract
So far, various theories in the field of political geography and its complementary branch, geopolitics, have been proposed by world-thinking thinkers. Ports, which are considered as politico-spatial components of coastal countries with the role of gateway geoeconomics and geostrategic defense-military, ...
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So far, various theories in the field of political geography and its complementary branch, geopolitics, have been proposed by world-thinking thinkers. Ports, which are considered as politico-spatial components of coastal countries with the role of gateway geoeconomics and geostrategic defense-military, have always been considered by these thinkers as the link between the two geographical areas of land and sea. However, they have not proposed a separate theory with the centrality of ports in the game of powers. Therefore, in this study, while examining the role of ports in theories of political geography and geopolitics, we have tried to introduce the theory of "port power" in contrast to the former land power and sea power. Therefore, these two topics constitute our main goal in this research. The present research is a kind of basic theoretical research and the information and raw materials of the analysis have been obtained by library method and by using scientific books and articles as well as authoritative or reference websites. The results of the research show that the global geopolitical order of the 21st century is moving from land power and seapower to port power, and in the future the country that controls ports will rule the world.
bahador zarei; Seyyed Abbas ahmadi; zahra pishgahifard; mohsen abedidorche
Abstract
The present study has introduced transcendent governance as the preferred model of governance in Islamic governments. In this regard, the relationship between transcendent governance and national authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied. In the present age, when the supreme administration ...
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The present study has introduced transcendent governance as the preferred model of governance in Islamic governments. In this regard, the relationship between transcendent governance and national authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied. In the present age, when the supreme administration of affairs is considered by the rulers and individuals of the world, modeling and choosing an efficient method appropriate to human nature is essential to meet the essential needs of their lives. Given the advancement of technology and the need to provide for the needs of societies as well as the guidance and well-being of individuals in the direction of human evolution, good governance is inevitable. Therefore, the choice of a method of governing with divine legitimacy and popular acceptance and victory is the desire of all nations. In this mixed qualitative research, using meta-combined methods and content analysis, the content of the initial studies is qualitatively analyzed and the findings and results of other studies are analyzed and explained, to upgrade existing knowledge and provide a comprehensive view of the issue. Then, by enumerating the components of transcendent governance, how they affect the efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency of government, as well as public acceptance and satisfaction have been studied. Based on the results, in the case of the implementation of transcendent governance in various geographical scales with the obtained components, the promotion of the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran in both external and internal aspects is inevitable and undeniable.
bagher ghalibaf; Seyyed Abbas ahmadi; Yashar Zaki; faramarz azimi
Abstract
As the capital and largest city of Tehran, the metropolis of Tehran needs more efficient and efficient management. In the wide range of managerial proposals, centralized to decentralized approaches, the semi-centralized governance model is proposed and claimed. On the other hand, considering that the ...
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As the capital and largest city of Tehran, the metropolis of Tehran needs more efficient and efficient management. In the wide range of managerial proposals, centralized to decentralized approaches, the semi-centralized governance model is proposed and claimed. On the other hand, considering that the spatial distribution of power is the focus of changes that the semi-centralized model with its transformation will determine the possibility of transition to efficient management of Tehran, the present study, relying on it, tries to examine the spatial distribution of power. And its practical priorities in this metropolis. The main topic of this article is to present the priorities of spatial distribution of power for the management of the city of Tehran with a semi-centralized approach. In this regard, the main question of the research is that in the transition from the current centralized to semi-centralized model, the spatial distribution of power in Tehran, with what characteristics can be presented in the four dimensions of executive, judicial, legislative and security? In response to the main question of the research, the hypothesis is that "it seems that the separation of governance from local affairs in four dimensions: executive, judicial, security and legislative, is the most important priority of spatial distribution of power for governing Tehran in a semi-centralized model." . The research method is quantitative and, according to the purpose, practical and problem-solving type, and library and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of this study includes 44 faculty members in the field of political geography at Tehran universities and senior managers of Tehran Municipality, whose minimum university degree is master's degree and sampling method, snowball and questionnaire measuring tool. The research findings provide the most important priorities of the Tehran city administration based on a semi-centralized approach with a focus on the spatial distribution of power in the legislative, executive, judicial and security dimensions of the metropolis of Tehran.
Mahmoud Vasegh; Seyyed Abbas Ahmadi; Mohammadreza Hafeznia; Seyyed Mohammad Isanedjad
Abstract
Extended abstract
1. Introduction
Nowadays, the term geopolitics is widely used in various fields of study, and is used to analyze and explain political and geographical events at different levels. Unfortunately, despite the widespread use of this term, due to the dominance of the functionalist approach ...
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Extended abstract
1. Introduction
Nowadays, the term geopolitics is widely used in various fields of study, and is used to analyze and explain political and geographical events at different levels. Unfortunately, despite the widespread use of this term, due to the dominance of the functionalist approach in geopolitical studies, theoretical and conceptual dimension of geopolitics has been neglected and has not been considered so much by the experts. Therefore, some questions like what geopolitics is and what its notion is remain unanswered. The purpose of this article is to provide answers to the above questions through paying attention to the theoretical and epistemological dimensions of geopolitics, and due to the lack of theoretical research in this field, this article intends to provide a meaningful explanation of the nature and meaning of this term.
2 .Theoretical Framework
When we talk about science, of course, we must be in the realm of philosophy. In other words, what is stated, if be meticulous and exploratory, needs to be in the realm of philosophy of science. From the perspective of the philosophy of science, the new science has two logico and empirico attributes. Indeed, two pillars of the new science are logic-rationality and observation-experience. The problem is the inception of science. Science in the solution of the problems grows through the creation of hypotheses. The absence of problems equals the lack of science.
Every epistemic is knowledge of something, but epistemology is a cognition of self-knowledge. Epistemology is a cognition which, by deliberation of knowledge, discusses about the possibilities, types, ways, realms and the validity of it. The most important topic of epistemology is the discussion of the value and validity of knowledge and truth or falsity of propositions.
The term geopolitics was first introduced in 1899 by Johan Rudolf Kjellén. Historically, since Aristotle, the influence of geographic factors on politics has been considered. In the medieval, thinkers such as Montesquieu and in the Islamic civilization, Ibn Khaldūn and others have discussed about this issue. In general, it can be told that geopolitics studies international relations and conflicts from a geographical perspective.
3 .Method
This paper, because of its philosophical nature, is a fundamental-theoretical research, and in terms of purpose, it is a part of the problem-solving study (solving the philosophical - mental problems). According to its theoretical nature, the sources used in this paper are document and library resources. This paper has been developed within the framework of studies on the philosophy of science with a realistic approach and in the form of logical and epistemological descriptions and analyzes. The methodological accost to developing this research is critical rationalism. It is clear that this paper is written in the form of scientific-research articles.
4. Discussion
Geopolitik (Swedish equivalent of Geopolitics) is a solid compound noun. Unlike most compound words in European languages, it was not a bygone word, and it is not much older. Johan Rudolf Kjellén invented the term in 1899 under the influence of Friedrich Ratzel's doctrines. This word consists of two sections Geo (γη or γαια) and Politik (πολιτικα). Both sections are original Greek words and come from Latin to new European languages. However, how is this word from an epistemological perspective? As mentioned, this term is compound in nature, and consists of two distinct parts of Geo and Polytic. These two sections are different in nature. The first section, Geo, is a concrete, general, and essential phenomenon, but the second section, Politik, is not an essential phenomenon, rather it is an abstract and a dummy phenomenon (i.e., made by humans). According to this argument, the ratio of knowledge and value dominates between these two sections, and they relate to the subject of concrete and abstract theorems. Thus, in such a framework, the relationship between these two sections can be explained in this compound word.
5. Conclusion
But how we can analyzed geopolitics epistemological nature? The geopolitics concept is the product of three categories: Geographic Resources, At least two agents and the existence of a relationship of interaction, opposition, competition and domination between agents. All three cases are objective facts; however the concept of geopolitics is subjective and created in the mind.
In the context of Geopolitics’ conceptualization from the epistemological point of view, it must be said that this concept is created in the mind and with the help of reason by making a comparison between the three realities of Geographic source, at least two actors and the relation of interaction, opposition, competition and domination among them. Naturally, these three objective facets are concrete phenomena and make the geopolitics’ conceptual structure a rational abstract phenomenon.
The result of concrete and abstract combinations is nothing but an abstract combination. Due to the dual nature of the geopolitics’ components, (i.e., the concrete Geo and abstract politik), the combination of two parts of geopolitics itself will be an abstract phenomenon.
Seyed Abbas Ahmadi; Mosayeb Gharehbeygi; Sajjad Pourali Otikandi
Abstract
Extended Abstract
1- INTRODUCTION
New media and cultural identity are the issues of utmost importance, because the political, economic and social dimensions of human life have undergone a visible and prominent change from the new media developments. In the process of cultural change, innovation ...
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Extended Abstract
1- INTRODUCTION
New media and cultural identity are the issues of utmost importance, because the political, economic and social dimensions of human life have undergone a visible and prominent change from the new media developments. In the process of cultural change, innovation plays a special role. The roots are changing, the process is continuous, yet the fusion of newer concepts and ideas regenerates newer forms of creative expressions to do away with the older ones which get degenerated. The essence of creative existence is defended in many forms. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to search for identity in a virtual space: appearance, behaviors, community affiliations, and the need to have more than one avatar (a user’s three-dimensional digital representation). The questions we hope to answer as part of this study are: (a) what are the values, social conventions and moral compasses behind some of the choices we make as we construct identities in a virtual life? (b) How are these values tested when one creates an identity with complete anonymity? (c) How do the communities that a member chooses help to establish an avatar’s identity and how does this association affect the real life of the user? The first part of this paper will examine the identity theory and how identity is formed, how community affiliations and activities impact our identity, and what happens to our identity (even if we remain anonymous) once we enter virtual spaces. This will give way to an introduction of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and a conceptual framework for analyzing identity theory and activity, particularly in virtual environments. Finally, discussion for future research about how identity formation, visualization in virtual spaces, and our sense of self can impact our real-life identities will be provided.
The Internet, with around 200 million people globally being online, seems to speed up the messages across all kinds of boundaries. Expanding communication space has given way to global communication processes in which knowledge, values and ethics, aesthetics and lifestyles are being exchanged, hence it is giving rise to a third culture. Such a generative framework of culture is being shaped into a global world culture by new media.
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Positive dimensions reveal optimistically that new media, i.e., the Internet is a tool of development for developing countries. It provides easy access to any information. It improves horizontal as well as vertical flows of information. It provides a platform for understanding issues with wider viewpoints. It also provides democratic expressions of individuals in the society. Therefore, the new media enriches the indigenous cultures and provides the deep cultural roots which adhere to their identities with the culture.
3- METHODOLOGY
Methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical and required data have been collected through library research. Sampling is based on cluster sampling and was done using semi-structured interviews with the methodology of "Q" that measured attitudes about national identity in cyber-space.
4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION
This study aimed to investigate the impact of cyberspace on the national identity. Participants in the study included 50 graduate students of political geography at University of Tehran, Tarbiat Modares and Kharazmi. The concept of national identity in this study in terms of three indicators of national language, national history and the territorial belonging were investigated. The research is an applied one in terms of aim of research and it is carried out on the phenomenological approach. The results showed that the index of language and national history has decreased because of the interaction in cyber space and the index of land belonging has increased due to lack of cross-border nature of cyberspace. However, increasing the sense of belonging to the language and national history in terms of the validity of the documents available on the Internet is undesirable. Therefore, the phenomenology of national identity in cyberspace showed that the discourse of national identity has faced with ruptures due to poor education and lack of infrastructure
